As a financial service provider, ensuring compliance with regulations like Know Your Customer (KYC), Anti-Money Laundering (AML), and the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is critical when managing financial products and services, especially if you touch even a scintilla of money in the cannabis business. Whether you’re advising on retirement plans, managing banking transactions, or providing financial guidance, your role involves more than just administering these services—it also means ensuring compliance with federal standards to protect both your business and your clients from legal and financial risks arising from the cannabis industry’s strict regulations.

The Patriot Act and Bank Secrecy Act: How They Apply to 401(k)s & Cannabis

The Patriot Act and the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) require financial institutions, including banks and advisors, to verify the identities of all customers and monitor financial transactions for suspicious activity. This practice is crucial when working with clients in or around the cannabis industry, as legal complexities between state legality and federal scrutiny can cause government agents to flag transactions as suspicious – potentially leading to penalties, asset freezes, or leaving you and your clients vulnerable to compliance risks. 

Recently, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) expanded its rules under the BSA that has significant implications for financial service providers that deal with any money from the cannabis industry. Although financial service providers already face hefty regulatory challenges, these new rules make the cannabis sector ripe for FinCEN to continue to scrutinize financial practices.

The new rule, codified as 31 CFR 1010.100(t), expanded the definition of “financial institution” to include SEC-registered investment advisors (RIAs), which must now implement robust regulatory programs to detect and mitigate risks tied to money laundering and illicit activities and report suspicious activity to FinCEN directly – particularly when transactions suggest attempts to bypass regulatory scrutiny.

The cannabis sector remains high-risk due to federal prohibitions, cash-heavy operations, and limited access to banking. Investment advisers must now ensure they scrutinize any funds tied to the  cannabis industry.

With FinCEN increasing oversight, advisers must proactively address these risks associated with the BSA. 

KYC: Are You Sure You Know Your Employees?

For banks and financial advisors, KYC goes beyond knowing a client’s name and address – it means thoroughly verifying the legitimacy of their financial activities. Any misstep in this process could expose both you and your clients to significant legal risk. Ensuring that every dollar in a 401(k) plan is compliant with federal law is especially crucial. Failure to do so could result in your institution being held liable for not performing adequate due diligence – even if you aren’t directly involved in 401(k) offerings. 

AML and OFAC: Are You Monitoring Every Contribution?

Under AML and OFAC regulations, financial service providers must monitor all financial transactions for suspicious or illicit activity. If you’re providing services to businesses operating in high-risk or heavily regulated sectors, such as cannabis or international trade, these monitoring efforts become even more complex. The ownership structure of businesses and the sources of their financial contributions must be carefully scrutinized to avoid violations. Non-compliance with OFAC can lead to civil penalties, asset forfeitures, or even criminal prosecution.

How Trust Integritas Can Help

As part of Trust Integritas’s review process, we ensure that financial service providers are relieved of the increasing pressure to comply with KYC, AML, and OFAC regulations – especially when working in the cannabis industry. These rules can be difficult to navigate, but non-compliance could threaten your reputation, clients’ trust, and your business’s long-term stability. Trust Integritas can help by providing expert guidance and compliance solutions tailored to your specific needs, ensuring that your services and your clients are fully protected from regulatory risks.

Updated: November 2024.

Navigating KYC, AML, and OFAC Compliance for 401(k) Plans: What You Need to Know